Vintage Inspired Engagement Ring Styles That Capture Romance

Buyer Decision Snapshot

Best fit	vintage inspired engagement ring styles that capture romance for jewelry shoppers comparing real photos, certification, setting comfort, budget, service terms, and daily wear where beauty, comfort, documentation, and service terms need to be checked together.
Compare first	Stone shape, cut quality, setting height, metal tone, certification, return window, shipping insurance, and resizing support.
Ask the jeweler	Request grading details, real hand photos or video, prong or setting notes, care guidance, and a clear timeline before purchase.
Main tradeoff	The most impressive photo is not always the easiest ring or jewelry piece to wear, insure, resize, or pair with a wedding band.

Fast answer: Vintage Inspired Engagement Ring Styles That Capture Romance is a buyer decision, not just a style trend. Shortlist pieces by how they look in real light, how they sit on the hand or body, and how clearly the seller documents the stone and service terms.

What to inspect before choosing this style

Check the grading report, measurements, setting profile, metal color, return terms, warranty, and delivery timing. For lab-grown diamond jewelry, two pieces with similar photos can feel very different once cut, spread, setting height, and daily-wear comfort are compared side by side.

Questions that prevent buyer regret

Ask whether the piece can be resized, how it should be cleaned, what is covered after delivery, and whether the photos show the actual stone or a representative sample. Clear answers make the final choice easier and protect the purchase after the excitement of the design wears off.

There's something undeniably romantic about an engagement ring that carries history while embracing modern brilliance—and honestly, I've never met a couple who didn't want their ring to feel special in exactly this way. I remember one couple who came to us three weeks before their wedding, both hands shaking as they browsed our Victorian collection. They wanted something that honored her grandmother's memory while embracing their shared commitment to sustainable choices. The moment she spotted the Brennan Scroll in rose gold, tears welled in her eyes—she knew instantly it was the one. Vintage Inspired Engagement Ring Styles romantic couples seek offer a unique blend of timeless craftsmanship and contemporary innovation—perfect for Valentine's Day proposals or any special moment when you want to sweep someone off their feet.

The Enduring Appeal of Vintage Inspired Engagement Ring Styles

What's the difference? Authentic vintage pieces originate from specific historical periods—typically over 50 years old. Vintage-inspired engagement rings are newly crafted designs that capture the aesthetic spirit of eras gone by. At StoneBridge Jewelry, interest in vintage-inspired styles has grown steadily, especially during Valentine's Day Diamond jewelry season when romantic gestures peak.

Modern couples gravitate toward these designs because they deliver emotional depth and visual distinction that mass-produced contemporary styles simply cannot match.

The intricate metalwork of 14K yellow gold or 950 platinum, the symbolic motifs, the attention to detail—all speak to a time when jewelry making was an art form. One of the most exciting developments combines vintage aesthetics with Lab Grown Diamond technology.

Worth every penny. A 1.5ct F-VS1 Lab Grown Diamond might cost $2,400 compared to $5,500+ for its natural counterpart, representing approximately 55-60% savings that can redirect toward the elaborate settings that define vintage-inspired engagement rings. These sustainable stones offer exceptional clarity and brilliance at accessible price points, allowing couples to invest more heavily in the intricate settings that define vintage-inspired engagement rings.

Whether you prefer geometric precision or organic flourishes, there's a vintage-inspired style waiting to tell your unique love story.

Engagement Ring Styles featuring various diamond cuts and intricate metalwork designs">

Art Deco Vintage Inspired Rings: Geometric Glamour for Bold Romantics

The Art Deco movement emerged from the vibrant cultural scene of the 1920s and 1930s, bringing a revolutionary approach to jewelry design that continues to captivate modern couples.

Bold geometric patterns. Stepped silhouettes. Striking symmetry. These characteristics define an era that appealed to couples who appreciate architectural precision and the glamour of a bygone era.

What makes authentic Art Deco vintage inspired rings special? Channel-set stones aligned with mathematical precision. Symmetrical motifs drawn from Egyptian pyramids, Aztec temples, and modernist architecture. Stepped contours that create depth and dimension.

A classic emerald-cut Lab Grown Diamond in a step-cut style pairs exceptionally well with these geometric settings, as the linear facets complement the angular lines. These wedding bands with Lab Grown Diamonds showcase the stones' natural brilliance while creating visual impact.

Who benefits most? The timeless sophistication appeals to couples seeking something beyond conventional designs. The geometric settings display Lab Grown Diamond clarity exceptionally well—particularly stones graded VVS1 to VS1 that show minimal inclusions under the clean lines. These rings pair beautifully with coordinating wedding bands featuring matching geometric patterns, making them ideal for couples wanting matching sets. The strong lines also suit those with active lifestyles, as protective settings help shield stones from impact.

Think carefully. The bold geometric aesthetic may feel too angular for romantics who prefer softer visual language. The elaborate metalwork often requires higher gold or platinum weights—a 950 platinum cathedral setting might weigh 4-5 grams compared to 2-3 grams for a simpler solitaire. Those considering Art Deco should also verify that any colored Lab Grown Diamonds in fancy yellow or pink hues complement the setting's platinum or white gold aesthetic.

Victorian Filigree Vintage Rings: Ornate Romance for Sentimental Couples

The Victorian era spanning 1837 to 1901 produced some of the most emotionally symbolic jewelry in history. Victorian-inspired engagement rings are perfect for deeply romantic proposals.

Romance defined. This period celebrated ornate detailing, hidden meanings, and craftsmanship that transformed rings into storytelling artifacts.

What defines Victorian filigree rings? Intricate metalwork patterns created by twisting fine 18K gold threads into decorative designs. Floral motifs featuring roses, forget-me-nots, and acanthus leaves rendered in yellow gold or rose gold. Milgrain detailing that adds texture through tiny metal beads. Hidden symbolic elements like serpents representing eternal love or hands clasped in devotion.

A bride recently told me she chose her Victorian ring because every time she looked at the forget-me-not flowers on her band, she remembered the first time her fiancé said "I never want to forget this moment." These unique Lab Grown Diamond rings honor traditional craftsmanship while embracing modern stone technology—like pairing a 1.2ct round brilliant center stone with an ornate hand-forged filigree shank.

Victorian-inspired designs resonate deeply with romantics who value symbolism and heritage. Each element carries meaning, turning the proposal ring into a narrative about the relationship itself. The detail work showcases artisan quality, and the ornate aesthetics photograph beautifully for engagement announcements. A GIA-certified 1ct H-VS2 round brilliant set in a Victorian scroll mounting creates that perfect balance of emotional depth and technical precision.

Care matters. Victorian filigree pieces need more care than simpler designs—cleaning around intricate patterns takes patience and appropriate tools like a soft-bristled brush and mild jewelry cleaner. Ultrasonic cleaners can be used for Victorian rings with solid metal construction, though steam cleaning is generally preferred for pieces with enamel or soft gemstone accents. Couples should discuss care requirements with jewelers before purchasing. Professional cleaning every six months helps preserve both beauty and structural integrity.

Edwardian and Art Nouveau Inspired Styles: Delicate Elegance for Dreamy Romantics

Sometimes the most romantic approach lies in delicate understatement.

Edwardian and Art Nouveau inspired engagement rings offer ethereal elegance for couples who dream of soft femininity, nature-inspired beauty, and exceptional comfort.

The Edwardian period from 1901 to 1910 brought platinum supremacy to jewelry design, creating lace-like patterns of extraordinary delicacy using 950 platinum—the hardest of precious metals for jewelry, though it requires rhodium plating for long-term whiteness retention.

Rings from this era typically feature diamond-focused designs where precious stones take center stage against minimal metalwork, creating an almost weightless appearance. A 0.8ct E-VVS1 round brilliant in a four-prong platinum head demonstrates this diamond-forward philosophy perfectly.

Art Nouveau influence spanning 1890 to 1910 introduced organic curves inspired by natural forms—flowing lines reminiscent of willow branches, dragonfly wings rendered in 18K yellow gold, and soft feminine silhouettes. These rings often incorporate artistic elements like plique-à-jour enamel detailing or nature-inspired motifs that feel genuinely handcrafted rather than machine-produced. A marquise-cut colored Lab Grown Diamond in soft champagne tones pairs beautifully with Art Nouveau organic curves.

These styles have real appeal. The ultra-feminine aesthetics draw romantics seeking graceful designs. They showcase colored Lab Grown Diamonds in soft pastels like pink (Fancy Light Pink), yellow (Fancy Light Yellow), or blue (Fancy Light Blue) beautifully. The comfortable wearing due to lighter weight construction—typically 2-3 grams for a delicate Edwardian-style ring—suits active lifestyles. Platinum and 14K white gold metals complement modern wardrobes seamlessly.

Consider the tradeoffs. Platinum requirements increase manufacturing costs, as the soft metal often demands protective settings like partial bezels to prevent prong wear. A 950 platinum cathedral setting with filigree detailing might cost $800-1,200 more than an equivalent 14K white gold design due to higher material density and fabrication complexity. The delicate nature of these designs may not suit couples with hands-on careers or active hobbies where rings face regular impact risks.

Side-by-Side Comparison: Choosing Your Perfect Vintage Inspired Ring

Selecting the ideal vintage-inspired engagement ring means understanding how different styles align with lifestyle, values, and aesthetic preferences.

Feature	Art Deco	Victorian Filigree	Edwardian/Art Nouveau
Design Aesthetic	Geometric, symmetrical, bold	Ornate, symbolic, romantic	Delicate, nature-inspired, ethereal
Primary Metals	950 platinum, 14K white gold, 18K yellow gold	18K yellow gold, 14K rose gold, 950 platinum	950 platinum, 14K white gold
Diamond Suitability	Emerald cuts, ASSCHER cuts, channel-set brilliants	Round brilliant, oval, marquise solitaire or halo	Diamond-forward, pear-shaped, minimalist settings
Price Range	$1,800-$4,500	$2,200-$5,500	$2,500-$6,000
Maintenance	Moderate—check channel settings annually	Higher—filigree cleaning every 3-4 months	Moderate to higher—platinum requires rhodium replating
Lifestyle Compatibility	Active, professional, architectural enthusiasts	Romantic, detail-oriented, sentimental	Gentle, aesthetic-focused, nature lovers
Style Compatibility	Modern, architectural, Art Deco fashion	Traditional, sentimental, vintage fashion	Romantic, artistic, bohemian aesthetic

Huge news for couples who thought vintage charm was out of reach financially. Lab Grown Diamonds have made vintage-inspired designs far more accessible.

By reducing stone costs by 40-55% compared to natural diamonds of equivalent quality, couples can invest more substantially in the elaborate metalwork and intricate settings that define authentic vintage aesthetics. A 1.5ct G-VS2 Lab Grown Diamond that costs $2,800 might cost $6,500 or more in natural form at the same specs, freeing $3,700 for the detailed craftsmanship of an ornate Victorian filigree mounting in 18K yellow gold.

Celebrity engagements featuring vintage-inspired lab grown designs have sparked renewed interest in these styles. The ethical sourcing appeals particularly to younger couples who prioritize environmental responsibility alongside romantic tradition.

Look for GCAL or IGI certification when purchasing to ensure quality documentation.

For couples who value ethical diamond jewelry in their proposal ring, vintage-inspired designs with lab grown stones represent a meaningful choice. Lab Grown Diamonds require no mining, eliminating environmental disruption and human rights concerns that sometimes shadow natural diamond extraction. GCAL certified lab grown diamonds provide independent verification of both origin and quality.

Who Should Choose Which Style? Finding Your Romantic Match

Understanding personal style and lifestyle requirements helps narrow the options when shopping for vintage inspired engagement ring styles romantic couples will treasure for generations.

Art Deco vintage inspired rings suit couples who appreciate structure, symmetry, and architectural precision. They work in professional environments where sophisticated designs make strong impressions. These couples enjoy vintage fashion or mid-century modern interior aesthetics. They seek distinctive rings that stand apart from conventional solitaire designs like a 1ct round brilliant in a four-prong setting. They prefer lower-maintenance pieces that weather daily wear gracefully.

Victorian filigree styles belong on the wish lists of romantics who treasure symbolism and hidden meanings. These couples value artisan craftsmanship over mass production. They appreciate the storytelling potential of jewelry design. They enjoy detailed accessories and period-inspired fashion. They plan elaborate wedding celebrations with traditional or vintage themes, perhaps featuring a 1.8ct oval center stone in a floral halo mounting.

Edwardian and Art Nouveau designs resonate with dreamers who love soft, feminine aesthetics. They appeal to nature enthusiasts drawn to organic motifs and flowing lines. These couples prioritize wearing comfort for all-day, everyday use—lightweight constructions under 3 grams. They use colored Lab Grown Diamonds like a 1ct Fancy Light Pink pear cut to express unique style. They are romantics who prefer delicate jewelry that whispers rather than shouts.

Custom mashups work beautifully. Many couples discover their perfect ring combines elements from multiple styles—a Victorian filigree shank supporting an Art Deco-inspired center stone, for instance, featuring an emerald-cut 1.3ct E-VS1 Lab Grown Diamond, or an Edwardian lace pattern combined with Art Nouveau floral accents in 950 platinum. Creating truly unique couple rings often means collaborating with jewelers who can blend influences into personalized designs that honor multiple eras while reflecting your specific relationship.

Expert Recommendations: StoneBridge Jewelry's Top Vintage Inspired Lab Grown Diamond Rings

Our specialists have curated recommendations across style categories and budget levels based on years of helping couples find their perfect engagement ring.

I've personally worked with dozens of couples through this decision. The rings below are the ones that consistently make people genuinely happy.

Best Art Deco Inspired Lab Grown Diamond Ring:

The Avalon Hexagon Collection represents contemporary Art Deco excellence at accessible price points. This stunning ring features a step-cut Lab Grown Diamond in a hexagonal 950 platinum setting surrounded by geometric milgrain detailing—the fine beaded edge that defines vintage authenticity. The six-point symmetry creates natural light refraction that enhances the diamond's natural brilliance. The protective bezel setting keeps the stone secure during daily wear.

Prices start around $1,800 for a 0.8-carat center stone with IGI certification, making premium vintage aesthetics genuinely achievable for budget-conscious couples. A 1.2ct emerald-cut G-VS2 in the same setting runs approximately $2,800.

Top Victorian Filigree Style Engagement Ring:

The Brennan Scroll Collection captures Victorian romance with its intricate openwork shank featuring rose and scroll motifs rendered in 18K yellow gold or rose gold. This design works exceptionally well with elongated diamond shapes like marquise or oval cuts—a 1.5ct oval H-VS1 creates beautiful vertical flow through the filigree patterns.

Sustainable options include selecting recycled gold or platinum for the setting, reducing environmental impact further. The collection ranges from $2,200 to $4,500 depending on center stone specifications, with GIA-equivalent IGI certification included. A 2ct round brilliant in a Brennan Scroll halo setting typically falls around $4,200.

Editor's Choice for Edwardian-Inspired Elegance:

The Celestial Lace Ring earns consistent praise from our design team for its faithful interpretation of Edwardian lace-work patterns translated into precious 950 platinum metal. The diamond-forward design features a brilliant-cut center stone—a 1ct F-VVS1 round brilliant in minimal four-prong platinum prongs, allowing the stone to float against delicate geometric under-gallery detailing.

This design particularly shines with colored lab grown diamonds in soft pink or champagne hues—a 1.2ct Fancy Light Pink pear cut creates romantic pieces that feel genuinely antique while offering modern clarity and ethical sourcing. Pricing begins at $2,500 for the diamond and setting combination; a 1.5ct upgrade runs approximately $3,200.

Best Value Vintage-Inspired Lab Grown Diamond Engagement Ring:

The Heritage Solitaire Collection demonstrates that vintage inspiration doesn't require vintage pricing. These elegant rings feature classic diamond solitaire cuts—like a 1.3ct G-VS2 round brilliant in a cathedral setting with milgrain-detailed shoulders—set in settings inspired by multiple historical periods, creating versatile designs that complement various personal styles.

Starting around $1,200 for a 0.7ct IGI-certified stone with quality 14K white gold setting, these pieces offer exceptional value for couples prioritizing both aesthetics and budget consciousness. A 1ct upgrade in the same collection runs approximately $1,650.

Verify certification. When evaluating any lab grown diamond purchase, always verify certification from reputable laboratories like IGI or GIA. Diamond certification explained simply means documented proof of the Four Cs—carat weight, color grade (D-Z range), clarity grade (FL to I3), and cut quality (Excellent to Poor). GCAL offers additional light performance grading that some buyers find helpful. Without proper certification, buyers cannot verify their diamond meets promised specifications. You can learn more about how are lab grown diamonds made in our comprehensive diamond education guide.

Caring for Your Vintage Inspired Engagement Ring: Maintenance Guide

Protecting your vintage-inspired engagement ring ensures it remains beautiful for generations, whether you're considering future anniversary ring upgrades or simply want to maintain its original glory.

Professional Care Recommendations:

Vintage-inspired settings require professional cleaning every six months, particularly for Victorian filigree designs where debris accumulates in intricate patterns.

At StoneBridge Jewelry, our jewelers use specialized tools to clean without damaging delicate metalwork, checking prongs and settings for wear during each visit. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for lab grown diamonds in solid metal settings—steam cleaning follows to remove residual debris. However, avoid ultrasonic cleaning for rings with inclusions that reach the surface, as vibrations can worsen fractures. The investment in professional care—typically $50-100 per cleaning—prevents costly repairs and preserves both beauty and stone security.

At-Home Maintenance Tips:

Daily care involves removing rings during activities that risk damage—gym sessions, gardening, dishwashing, or applying lotions. Clean exposed areas with a soft brush, warm water, and mild dish soap, rinsing thoroughly to prevent residue accumulation. For 950 platinum pieces, a monthly polish with a specialized platinum cloth maintains the metal's natural white luster—yellow gold benefits from a soft gold polishing cloth instead.

A soft-bristled baby toothbrush works excellently for reaching filigree patterns without damaging delicate metalwork. Avoid harsh chemicals including chlorine bleach, ultrasonic cleaners without professional guidance for rings with treated stones, and abrasive materials that scratch metal or damage stones. For Art Deco rings with channel-set stones, pay special attention to the spaces between stones where debris collects.

Check monthly. A monthly inspection under good lighting helps identify any loose stones before they become lost.

A word of caution from experience: We once had a couple return to us heartbroken three months after their engagement. They had chosen a stunning Edwardian-style ring with an incredibly delicate filigree band, but neither realized the ring was sized down two full sizes to fit her slender finger. The compression weakened the already delicate shank, and a prong loosened during a gym session—the 1.2ct center stone was never recovered from the locker room floor. Always discuss sizing limitations with your jeweler before committing to intricate vintage-inspired designs, and never resize a delicate piece without professional assessment of structural integrity.

Insurance and Certification:

Protect your investment with jewelry insurance—expect to pay $20-50 annually per $1,000 of value for a standalone policy, or add coverage to existing homeowner's insurance with a rider. Insurance requires recent appraisal documentation (within 2-3 years for accurate valuations). Lab grown diamonds should be recertified every few years to maintain accurate value records as market prices fluctuate—IGI and GCAL provide affordable recertification at approximately $50-75 per stone.

Keep original certification documents in secure locations separate from the ring itself. Photograph your ring from multiple angles and store images in a secure cloud account.

When Repairs Become Necessary:

Watch for signs that professional attention is needed: lifted prongs, loose stones (test by tapping gently—you should hear a click, not a dull thud), bent shanks, or visible wear in high-stress areas. Prompt attention prevents minor issues from becoming catastrophic failures.

Vintage-inspired rings may require specialized repair skills, so always seek jewelers experienced with period-appropriate techniques and the specific metals involved—950 platinum work requires different expertise than 14K white gold or 18K yellow gold fabrication.

Frequently Asked Questions About Vintage Inspired Engagement Rings

What's the difference between vintage and vintage-inspired engagement rings?

True vintage rings are actual antique pieces from previous eras, typically over 50 years old, carrying historical provenance and wear patterns from previous ownership—like an original 1920s Art Deco ring with its characteristic 950 platinum construction and hand-cut diamond. Vintage-inspired rings are newly crafted designs that incorporate historical aesthetic elements like Art Deco geometry, Victorian filigree, or Edwardian lace-like patterns.

Vintage-inspired rings using modern lab grown diamonds offer the romantic aesthetic of antique styles with superior clarity (often VVS-VS grades), consistent quality, and ethical sourcing that new manufacturing ensures.

Are lab grown diamonds more affordable for vintage-inspired engagement ring styles?

Yes, lab grown diamonds typically cost 40-60% less than natural diamonds of comparable quality. A 1.5ct G-VS2 natural diamond might retail for $7,500-9,000 while its lab grown equivalent costs $2,800-3,500. This allows couples to invest the $4,000-5,500 savings directly into the intricate 18K yellow gold or 950 platinum metalwork and detailed settings that vintage-inspired rings require.

Where does the money go? This pricing advantage makes high-quality vintage aesthetics—including elaborate filigree, precious metal weights, and fine craftsmanship—much more accessible to couples working within realistic budgets.

Which vintage-inspired style works best with colored lab grown diamonds?

Edwardian and Art Nouveau designs showcase colored lab grown diamonds most effectively due to their diamond-forward settings and delicate metalwork that allows stone colors to dominate visually. A 1.2ct Fancy Light Pink round brilliant in a four-prong platinum Edwardian setting makes maximum impact.

Art Deco settings also accommodate colored stones well, particularly in geometric center stone positions—a 1.5ct Fancy Yellow emerald cut in an Art Deco hexagonal bezel creates striking contrast. Soft pastels like pink, yellow, and blue diamonds complement the romantic, nature-inspired elements of Victorian and Art Nouveau styles perfectly.

How do I know if a vintage-inspired ring's lab grown diamond is certified?

Always request documentation from recognized gemological laboratories such as IGI (International Gemological Institute), GIA (Gemological Institute of America), or GCAL (Gem Certification & Assurance Lab). Reputable sellers include certification with every purchase, verifying the diamond's origin (lab grown), specifications, and quality grades across all Four Cs.

The certificate should list the stone's carat weight to two decimal places, exact color grade (D-Z scale), clarity grade (FL through I3), and cut grades for brilliants (Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, Poor). Ask about certification before purchase and verify the report number independently through the issuing laboratory's website—a legitimate certificate will always be verifiable.

What should I consider when choosing wedding bands to pair with vintage-inspired engagement rings?

Matching bands that echo engagement ring design elements create cohesive bridal sets. Art Deco engagement rings pair beautifully with geometric wedding bands featuring matching stepped patterns in 14K white gold or 950 platinum. Victorian engagement rings suit elaborate bands with complementary filigree detailing in 18K yellow gold or rose gold. Edwardian styles work well with delicate, diamond-accented bands that maintain the period's minimalist elegance—look for pavé-set accent diamonds in matching platinum.

Custom options exist. Many couples select matching bands from the same collection for guaranteed harmony, though custom combinations are also possible through StoneBridge's ring builder tool where you can specify metal type (14K or 18K in white, yellow, or rose gold, or 950 platinum), diamond quality (typically 0.5-0.8ct accent stones), and engraving options.

What's trending with lab grown Diamond Engagement Rings in 2026?

Lab grown diamond trends 2026 show growing interest in colored lab grown diamonds, with soft pastels and unique cuts like pears, marquises, and ovals gaining significant popularity over traditional rounds. Couples increasingly prioritize Sustainable Engagement Rings while seeking designs that feel personal rather than mass-produced. Mixed-metal settings—combining 14K white gold with 14K rose gold accents—emerge as a strong trend, allowing vintage-inspired designs to coordinate with varied wardrobes.

The winning combination? The pairing of vintage-inspired settings with lab grown stones represents one of the strongest trends, offering both aesthetic distinction and environmental responsibility. You can explore our full collection of sustainable engagement rings to see what's currently available.

Vintage inspired engagement ring styles romantic couples cherish offer extraordinary opportunities for expressing unique love stories through carefully crafted designs that honor the past while embracing the future. Whether your heart settles on geometric Art Deco glamour featuring an emerald-cut 1.4ct F-VS1 in platinum, ornate Victorian symbolism with a 1.8ct oval H-SI1 surrounded by hand-forged filigree, or delicate Edwardian elegance with a 1ct D-VVS1 round brilliant in a lace-pattern platinum mounting, lab grown diamonds make premium vintage aesthetics genuinely achievable.

I'll never forget watching a couple celebrate their tenth anniversary at our showroom last spring. She had brought her original engagement ring in for cleaning, and when the jeweler returned it sparkling like new, he handed her a mirror. The look on her face—still as radiant as the day he proposed—was a reminder that the best rings aren't just beautiful objects. They're witnesses to a lifetime of moments, small victories, quiet mornings, and adventures shared together.

Explore our complete engagement rings collection to discover styles that resonate with your romantic vision, or contact our jewelry experts for personalized guidance in finding your perfect match.